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HAFNIUM - translation to αραβικά

ELEMENT WITH THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF 72

Element 72; Celtium; Jargonium; Norwegium; Norium; Halfnium; Hf (element); Hafnocene dichloride; History of hafnium

HAFNIUM

ألاسم

الهفنيوم عنصر فلزي

hafnium

‎ الهافنيوم:العنصر الثاني والسبعون‎

hafnium

الهافنيوم (العنصر الثاني والسبعون)

Ορισμός

hafnium

['hafn??m]

¦ noun the chemical element of atomic number 72, a hard silver-grey metal resembling zirconium. (Symbol: Hf)

Origin

1920s: from Hafnia, Latinized form of Dan. Havn, former name of Copenhagen.

Εμφάνιση περισσότερων ορισμών

Βικιπαίδεια

Hafnium

Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, by Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (the last being rhenium in 1925). Hafnium is named after Hafnia, the Latin name for Copenhagen, where it was discovered.

Hafnium is used in filaments and electrodes. Some semiconductor fabrication processes use its oxide for integrated circuits at 45 nanometers and smaller feature lengths. Some superalloys used for special applications contain hafnium in combination with niobium, titanium, or tungsten.

Hafnium's large neutron capture cross section makes it a good material for neutron absorption in control rods in nuclear power plants, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για HAFNIUM

1. These controls focus on how much of the material contains hafnium, another rare metal.

2. The British view is that zirconium sulphate with more than 0.05 per cent of hafnium does not require a licence, as it is difficult to refine – although this is challenged by some experts.

3. A Department of Trade and Industry spokeswoman said: ‘The DTI informed the Bulgarian authorities that the goods as described were not controlled under UK export control (as the hafnium content of the sand was 1.1 per cent by weight) and did not therefore require an export licence... this particular case raised no WMD end–use concerns.‘ However, John Large, an independent nuclear consultant, said: ‘It is not a very sophisticated process to extract the zirconium from such material.